A convertible note is a loan to a young company that turns into shares at the next priced round, at a discount or under a valuation cap, not repaid in cash.
A correspondent bank holds an account for another bank and makes payments on its behalf in a currency or country where that bank has no presence.
A crypto block trade is one large trade negotiated privately at a single price for the whole size, away from the order book, then settled or reported.
A crypto dark pool is a trading venue that hides orders until they execute and matches buyers and sellers, usually at the midpoint of the public price.
A disbursement is money paid out of a fund or account held for a purpose. The word means five different things in closings, legal bills, loans and trusts.
A payment router takes one payment and sends each agreed party its share directly, in the same operation, without holding the money. What it is not.
In United States federal tax, a qualified settlement fund is a court-approved trust or account that receives settlement money before it is allocated.
A SAFE is a contract in which an investor pays a startup now for the right to shares at a later priced round. Its terms, the conversion maths and the limits.
A security token is a token that the law treats as a security. The tests in the United States and the European Union, and what follows from passing them.
A settlement agent is the neutral party that carries out a United States property closing: it collects funds and documents, pays everyone, records and reports.
In a United States closing, a title company searches and insures the title and, in many states, also runs the closing: documents, funds and recording.
A token approval is a standing permission for a contract to move one token from your wallet. How to read one, limit it, review it and revoke it.
An IBAN is a standard account number: country code, two check digits, then the domestic account number. Here is how to read one and check it by hand.
In the United States, an IOLTA is a pooled, interest-bearing lawyer trust account for small or briefly held client funds; its interest funds civil legal aid.
An online escrow service is a licensed company that holds the buyer's payment until delivery is confirmed. The flow, the licensing and the checks.
An RFQ asks one or several liquidity providers to price a stated asset, size and settlement; you trade with the one you choose, or with none.
OTC crypto trading is a large trade agreed privately with a desk or counterparty at one negotiated price, used to move size without moving the market.
Tokenization records a claim on an off-chain asset as a token on a ledger. A legal wrapper ties token to asset; without it the token is only data.
Settlement is the step where money actually moves and the debt is discharged. How it differs from authorisation and clearing, and when it is final.
Social engineering in payment fraud is deceiving a person into making or approving a payment. Process controls stop it; training alone does not.
SWIFT is a member-owned cooperative that carries payment messages between banks. It moves instructions, not money: the funds settle on bank accounts.
Six ways to pay tokenized asset holders compared: bank payout, push, claim, accrual, platform feature, router. The number of holders decides.
Six ways to pay shareholders after a company sale, compared: who holds the money, when each holder is paid, and who handles documents and tax.
Seven ways to get paid for a domain compared: who holds the money, when you transfer the name, and whether the buyer can reverse the payment afterwards.
Seven ways to pay a team in stablecoins compared: who holds the funds, approvals, payslips, and why employees and contractors need different tools.
Six ways to pay several contractors on one project, compared on who holds the money, when each person is paid and what the lead owes if the client pays late.
For most large B2B payments the best route is a same-day wire or a high-limit instant payment. It depends on amount, urgency, borders and finality.
Bank wire, currency broker, multi-currency account, draft, stablecoin or payment router: on a large transfer the exchange-rate margin decides, not the fee.
Seven ways to exchange the two legs of a large crypto OTC trade, compared on exposure, trust, speed, assets and record, with a $3,000,000 worked example.
The spread on a crypto OTC trade is the gap between the desk's price and a reference price. How it is quoted in basis points, percent and dollars.
A real estate token is almost never the title deed: it is a share, fund unit or debt claim on the entity that owns the building, with the rights that follow.
Instant bank schemes, onchain payments and cash give you usable money at once; a card only authorises at once. The test: is the payment settled or not?
Six families of tools pay several parties by percentage. They differ on one point: whether the percentages are applied to each payment as it arrives.
A US broker's license depends on what is brokered: federal for securities, freight and customs, state for real estate, insurance and mortgages.
A written agreement on shares, a neutral holder, a guarantee or a payment router: each covers a different risk of not being paid. Here is which covers what.
Six ways a referral or finder's fee gets paid, compared on one test: does the fee move with the deal payment, or does someone have to invoice and chase it?
Six kinds of tools pay many recipients at once. Only the onchain ones do it in one transaction; the rest turn one instruction into many transfers.
A batch-send wallet feature, a multisend contract, a splitter contract or an onchain payment router. What separates them is who holds the funds first.
In the United States, resale depends on the offering route: at once under Regulation A, after six months or one year under Regulation D, one year under Reg CF.
Cash, wires, instant bank payments and confirmed onchain payments cannot be reversed by the payer. Cards, direct debits and cheques can, for weeks or months.
At a United States closing, liens and taxes are paid first, transaction costs next, and the seller's net proceeds last. The order, with a worked example.
Usually the party who hired the broker, most often the seller, out of the proceeds. In insurance and mortgages a third party pays. The cost is shared anyway.
A tokenized security transfer fails when the token's own rules refuse it. Check the network and wallet first, then the recipient's verification.
Regulated providers must identify the sender and recipient of a crypto transfer (the travel rule). What they ask a business, and the file to prepare.
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